Introducción a los sensores de fibra óptica para el monitoreo de salud de estructuras civiles
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Resumen
El monitoreo de salud de estructuras civiles (SHM, Structural Health Monitoring) es una de las principales herramientas disponibles para la ejecución de tareas de mantenimiento predictivo. La evolución de las tecnologías asociadas a las comunicaciones ópticas en los últimos 30 años, propició la aparición de diferentes tipos de sensores de fibra óptica (OFS, Optical Fiber Sensors) cuya aplicabilidad en el campo de las técnicas de medición vinculadas al SHM ha sido demostrada. El desempeño de varios tipos de OFS fue ampliamente evaluado tanto en el laboratorio como en campo, para la determinación de algunos procesos físico/químicos
y de magnitudes de gran interés ingenieril. En este trabajo se brinda el panorama actual de los OFS dentro de los esquemas de medición más empleados en SHM. Se mencionan las diferentes magnitudes y procesos térmicos, químicos y mecánicos reportados hasta el momento que son susceptibles de ser analizados a través del uso de OFS en estrategias de monitoreo de estructuras civiles.
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