Biocatalizadores mesoestructurados renovables: optimización en la producción sostenible de aromatizantes y saborizantes.
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Resumen
La industria de la Química Fina enfrenta el desafío de reducir su impacto ambiental sin comprometer la eficiencia de sus procesos. Así, la biotecnología ofrece una alternativa viable mediante el uso de reactivos ecoamigables y condiciones menos severas de operación que mejorarían el proceso tradicional. Este trabajo propone una ruta sostenible para la obtención de un soporte mesoporoso renovable derivado de biomasa, basado en la inmovilización enzimática sobre el mismo, combinando la selectividad de la proteína con la estabilidad del soporte. Para caracterizar la mesoporosidad del material se emplearon isotermas de adsorción de N2 y TEM. Además, mediante Espectroscopía IR-TF se evaluó la inmovilización enzimática, determinándose que con 96 h de inmovilización y 400 mglipasa/gsoporte se obtendría el mayor contenido de enzima soportada. El biocatalizador resultante fue evaluado en la transesterificación entre acetato de vinilo y alcohol isoamílico, produciendo acetato de isoamilo a 40 °C y presión atmosférica. Se alcanzó un rendimiento del 65 % mol a éster y una conversión del 86 % mol a 20 h de reacción. Estos resultados evidenciaron el potencial del biocatalizador para la síntesis de ésteres saborizantes y aromatizantes, ofreciendo una alternativa más sustentable en comparación con los métodos industriales convencionales.
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