Diseño, síntesis y caracterización de novedosos catalizadores heterogéneos sólidos a partir de materiales renovables.
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Resumen
Se sintetizaron exitosamente sólidos silíceos mesoporosos a través de metodologías innovadoras y sostenibles empleando precursores renovables y rutas de síntesis más amigables para el medio ambiente (método sol-gel). Los materiales de partida se obtuvieron mediante síntesis hidrotérmica, utilizando una fuente de silicio extraída de la cáscara de arroz y monoestearato de glicerilo como agente porógeno. Estos materiales nanoestructurados se prepararon con diferentes contenidos de Al mediante síntesis por incorporación directa (Si/Al= 10, 30, 60 y 100) y se caracterizaron por adsorción de N2, SEM-EDS, TEM, RMN, IR-TF y adsorción de piridina acoplada a espectroscopia IR-TF. Así, la mayor incorporación de aluminio en la estructura del material se logró a partir de una relación molar inicial de Si/Al= 10, tratamiento hidrotérmico de tres días y una hora de calcinación a 550 °C. Esta característica condujo a una elevada acidez en los sólidos diseñados, la cual los convierte en atractivos catalizadores para ser aplicados en reacciones industriales de interés impulsadas por sitios ácidos.
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