Sistema de Iluminación Pública Inteligente de Código Abierto Diseño, Implementación y Validación Experimental de un Sistema IoT Adaptativo
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Abstract
Public lighting accounts for 20–40% of municipal electricity consumption in Latin America (Carvajal et al., 2024) and approximately 25% of Argentine public sector electricity expenditure (Secretaría de Energía de la Nación, 2022). Most networks operate without adaptive control or remote monitoring. This article presents the design, implementation and experimental validation of an open-source smart urban lighting system, developed within the framework of PID LPENPP668 (UTN - CODAPLI). The system integrates ESP32 nodes with PIR and LDR sensors, MicroPython firmware with four operating levels, MQTT communication over Wi-Fi, and a real-time supervisory platform. Three transmission strategies are compared —periodic, event-driven, and rule-based adaptive— under controlled conditions. Network traffic was reduced by 89.1% and 93.1% relative to periodic transmission, while maintaining equivalent functional behavior. The energy dimension is addressed through a functional indicator derived from accumulated time per level, which verifies this equivalence but does not constitute a direct electrical measurement. The work provides experimental evidence on the impact of communication strategies in IoT lighting systems, a dimension frequently overlooked in the literature.
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